I Am a Small Girl in a Big World Looking for Recognition

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT Working in the office environment for three years, I had been experiencing the serious effect of Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS), as is exampled by a study in the UK which found that 75% of laptop users who used a laptop for four hours or more a day reported back pain. With the desire to have a thorough understanding, I have been motivated to have a research on this matter. OOS (also known as Repetitive Strain Injury) is simply a term used for a range of condition characterized by discomfort of pain in the muscles, tendons or other soft tissues (Harvey, S. 2002) p. 29). Symptoms of OOS could vary depending on the person, the site and severity of injury and the nature of the tasks undertaken. However, you should pay more attention to if you have several warning signs like pain, muscle weakness, swelling, numbness, restricted mobility of the joint or loss of function as you are likely in the early stage of OSS. Changes to workplace design and p ractices can alleviate or prevent the condition. In workplace, OOS covers numerous tasks that involve repetitive or forceful movement and/ or maintenance of constrained or awkward postures.OHS hazards could be recognized as poor work organization and workstation layout, badly designed computer hardware/ software and badly designed office furniture. Identifying the hazards, the best way to control the risks is to follow the safety procedures which might be to minimize repetitive tasks, take regular rest and stretch breaks or to maintain correct postures and vary them often and so on. Depending on your specific job nature, you could take different actions to better manage the symptoms. (Source: http://www. mydr. com. au/pain/office-ergonomics-workstation-comfort-and-safety)For the office workers, few people know that their job is ranked as the high-risk job. An Australian study conducted by Comcare, for example, surveyed 2,000 ACT government workers with alarming results. Of the 1,000 who participated, eight out of 10 respondents who had not claimed workers’ compensation had OOS symptoms and two out of 10 had severe symptoms, meaning, in other words, that they were in constant pain. For my specific case, dealing much with the paper work required me to spend lots of time keying in data, having the fixed posture and focusing my eyes at the same distance point for extended period of time.At the early time, I had no idea about the possible hazards and felt so comfortable with my work. However, my colleagues who had experienced the serious effects warned me about the injuries which result from inappropriate computer use. They could be posture-related injuries, overuse injuries of the upper limbs or eyestrain. As the result, several ways were suggested for the workstation comfort and safety. I found that the most efficient tips for the matter is that you should have a good posture (as illustrated in the below picture), your furniture should be adjustable and st rict time limits break should be applied.To sum up, OOS could happen in all workplace, for all kind of occupations. Therefore, the safety procedures should always be followed and all the risks that can arise should be considered as the safer the workplace is, the more productive the work is. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Occupational Overuse Syndrome, viewed 23 May 2012, 2. Ergonomics Australia, The continuing problem of OOS in the office, viewed 23 May 2012, 3. Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS), viewed 29 May 2012, 4. Office ergonomics: workstation comfort and safety, viewed 30 May 2012, 5. Workplace safety – overuse injuries, viewed 29 May 2012, 6. Dan Kaufman, The Hidden Plague,

Google Case Study

Katherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey Bring and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, incorporated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 years of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US web search market. Even the word â€Å"google†, became a verb in our society as one would say, â€Å"let’s google him! †. Google revolutionized the internet search industry by charging its advertisers differently that ever done before.First, they auctioned off certain â€Å"key words† and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were charged on a â€Å"per click† based upon how many users actually clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all internet advertising was being spent at Google. That same year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $8. 5 billion in net profit. Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the world’s internet information and makes it accessible to us via its search engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google currently at the top of their field currently, they still have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient search engine on internet Brand equity – most recognized brand name Needs very little end user marketing Very strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology Not biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change Executive Management Large cash flow Default search engine for many Innovative culture Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses Business model is complex Eccentric practices confuse/anger investors Poor product marketing Inappropriate organization Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new related businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Specialized search engines Click fraud Advertising space becoming more competitive RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market dominance in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to build a search engine to complete with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultimately come from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its offering of services such as e-mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further loyalty with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is â€Å"google apps† and the word processing program â€Å"Writely†, both developed to compete with Microsoft. Another example is the Google’s operating system for smart phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all smart phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Google’s new product offerings have a mixed success record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.Thi s mixed review of new products no doubt stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for future partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will. Google Case Study Katherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey Bring and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, incorporated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 years of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US web search market. Even the word â€Å"google†, became a verb in our society as one would say, â€Å"let’s google him! †. Google revolutionized the internet search industry by charging its advertisers differently that ever done before.First, they auctioned off certain â€Å"key words† and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were charged on a â€Å"per click† based upon how many users actually clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all internet advertising was being spent at Google. That same year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $8. 5 billion in net profit. Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the world’s internet information and makes it accessible to us via its search engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google currently at the top of their field currently, they still have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient search engine on internet Brand equity – most recognized brand name Needs very little end user marketing Very strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology Not biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change Executive Management Large cash flow Default search engine for many Innovative culture Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses Business model is complex Eccentric practices confuse/anger investors Poor product marketing Inappropriate organization Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new related businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Specialized search engines Click fraud Advertising space becoming more competitive RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market dominance in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to build a search engine to complete with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultimately come from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its offering of services such as e-mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further loyalty with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is â€Å"google apps† and the word processing program â€Å"Writely†, both developed to compete with Microsoft. Another example is the Google’s operating system for smart phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all smart phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Google’s new product offerings have a mixed success record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.Thi s mixed review of new products no doubt stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for future partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will.

Managing a diverse workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing a diverse workforce - Essay Example MNCs are operating internationally at present and it is impossible for them to appoint only domestic workforce even for the international assignment. International business or cross cultural business is growing day by day as a result of the increasing acceptance of globalization, liberalization and privatization at many parts of the world. For example Apple Inc. and Microsoft like American companies are currently operating in overseas destinations such as China, India etc. It is difficult for these Americana companies to complete all their business functions in China or India with the help of American workforce alone. It should be noted that only the locals have better knowledge about the Chinese or Indian market than the Americans. Under such circumstances, it is inevitable for such international companies to keep a diverse workforce to execute their missions in overseas countries. Apple is one of the most valued technological companies in the world at present. They are the second l argest in the world terms of market capitalization. They have business units in most parts of the world at present. As a result of that they forced to keep a diverse workforce in workplaces, not only in overseas countries but also in America. ... This is because of the fact that the needs of the diverse workforce often contradict each other. Imagine a situation in which a Pakistani worker working in Apple Inc. While other workers ask for weekly offs on Sundays, this Pakistani worker would ask for weekly offs on Fridays. Clashes of such contrasting interests often take place in the workplace. The success and failure of such a company rests on the ability of the HR in effectively managing a diverse workforce. This paper analyses the diversity management in Apple Inc. Diversity mission statement and strategic goals of Apple Inc. Apple Inc.’s vision statement says that "Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them"(Khan, N.d., p.35). Apple believes that its employees understand the vision of the company very well and work in accordance with it. Apple always warns its employees that the company is more interested in employability rather than emplo yment security. In other words, the company is interested in growth and development rather than ensuring the employees about the security of their jobs. The company believes that efficient workers need not worry much about the security of their jobs and only the less efficient workers always worry about the security of their jobs. â€Å"It has put objectives in place to continuously move forward; implemented strategies to fulfill these objectives; and ensured that the right marketing, financial and operational structures are in place to apply the strategies† (Khan, N.d., p.35) â€Å"We‘ve got an environment where you can make things happen. Fast. There‘s plenty of  open space and open minds, collaboration and of course, innovation. We also

Impact of Malaysia Budget 2013 on Small and Medium Enterprises Assignment

Impact of Malaysia Budget 2013 on Small and Medium Enterprises - Assignment Example Small and medium-sized enterprises have had bigger challenges in their business performance, incursion, and marketing, compared to the large enterprises. The Malaysian 2013 budget has given indicated considerable efforts to emphasize on the need of SMEs in economic development, and vision 2020 of attaining an industrialized nation-state (â€Å"Budget 2013,† 2012). The government policies through the 2013 budget initiatives provided financial support for the enterprises straddling across large and small enterprises, focusing on the youth and women through loans and financial support in investments across the local regions. The loans and funds have subsidized charges on interest rates, which the government is collaborating with financial institutions for easy access to the SMEs. The tax and non-tax incentives will reduce the expense of operation in enterprises consequently saving money channeled by enterprises from incentives (â€Å"Budget 2013,† 2012). The budget could a lso influence the SMEs through ICT infrastructure, entrepreneurship training to improve national GDP, revenue, investment, and enhance economic growth. The small and medium scale enterprises form the backbone of the majority of the developing nations’ economy. These enterprises play a significant role in facilitating the considerable growth of the economy; however, financial constraints and inhibiting the competitiveness nature, which pushes every entrepreneur and businessperson, to improve the worth and quantity of market goods and services remains a significant obstacle (â€Å"Budget 2013,† 2012). In the past, Malaysian SMEs have been struggling to expand beyond their national boundaries, so that they can compete internationally, especially in the current wave of globalization.  

Music Copyright Laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music Copyright Laws - Research Paper Example Many musicians write their own music. The music that is written is then transformed into a song. The song that is created is owned by the artist that created the song. ( Bouvier) Since the artist owns the song, the artist can determine who can hear it and produce it. This is like anything that someone owns. If something is owned by someone, they can decide whether or not to share it. It should never be up to someone who is not the owner to share the item. A copyright â€Å"is an exclusive control of a book, picture, etc.† (Dicionary2010) This control is enforced by a law. This law is known as a music copyright law. A music copyright law can protect the creator of the music. In 1976, a copyright act was put into effect to protect the composer of the music. (Standler2008-2009) The composer is given full rights to his or her music. This type of music copyright applies to copyrights for sheet music. There are different types of copyrights for music such as sound recording. Any typ e of work, even if the work is not music, needs to be copyrighted to help ensure proper ownership and proper usage of the work. It is important that each of the music copyright laws is in affect to help protect the owner of the music. The music copyright law can be located under title number 17 in the United States Code. The title is issued by the United States Copyright Office. ... There are five very specific things that one shall never do when a piece of music is under copyright. Music that is under copyright should never be reproduced of its music or any of its lyrics. The music’s or the lyrics can’t be sold for any amount of money even if it’s free. The music can’t be performed by another artist in a public setting. The music is not even allowed to be played in public even if the one playing the music owns a copy of the music. Finally, the music can’t be made for a public use in any form. These strict guidelines are important for protecting music. All types of copyrights are issued throughout the Unites States. No copyrights can be issued unless they are issue by the United States copyright office. This office allows those seeking a copyright to access the necessary help. The copyright office is important for those wanting to obtain a copyright for music. The copyright office started in 1870. (Unites States Copyright Offic e 2010) The start of the copyright office was a huge step for those with a creative mind. Before the copyright office, work could be stolen. Works stolen could be used by the wrong person and the wrong person would receive credit for the work. Stealing ones music is not just about stealing the music and making money. Stealing and using the music unlawfully takes credit away from the artist that rightfully deserves the credit. It was important for the copyright office to allow individuals a place where there music could be made their own. An example of how a copyright office is used by a musician is simple. A musician can bring a piece of work to the United States Copyright Office. At the office, the musician can register the music and apply for a copyright. The copyright is then kept in the office library

Organizational Analysis of Bank of America Research Paper

Organizational Analysis of Bank of America - Research Paper Example Bank of America is one of the largest financial institutions (Corporate Profile, 2011). The nature of the bank is to serve a full range of investing, banking, asset management along with financial and risk management services and products through its various credit and other lines of credit. Currently, the Bank serves, only in the United States, around 57 million small business relationships and consumer along with 5,900 retail banking offices together with 18,000 ATMs and with 29 million online active users of the Bank (Corporate Profile, 2011). Globally, Bank is known for its leading wealth management policies and practices particularly in investment and corporate banking together with trading in a wide range of asset classes, institutions, governments, and corporations. Additionally, the Bank is a registered member of the New York Stock Exchange and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. And, internationally, the Bank of America provides its banking services in more than 40 countries. However, having such a huge corporate portfolio does not ensure smooth sailing, particularly, in this tougher and rather uncertain period in the financial history. The Bank seems to be facing some financial and human resource problems; in this regard, the Bank, in the third quarter 2011, has announced to cut its cost by shedding 40,000 jobs out of 287000 employees currently working in the Bank (Vault.com, n.d). Several legal issues hunt the management of the Bank of America.  

Block 7 (Week 13&14) Exercise 7 (Respiratory System Mechanics) Coursework

Block 7 (Week 13) Exercise 7 (Respiratory System Mechanics) assigned from pages 85-95 - Coursework Example narrowing of the airways due to bronchial smooth muscle contraction as in Asthma; inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and hypertrophy of bronchial glands as happens in Bronchitis. 2. As a result of the tidal volume change, what happens to the flow into each lung and total air flow? Air flow into each lung is also increased resulting in increase in increased total flow into the lungs. The puncture in the lungs causes the air to flow into the intrapleural cavity of the lungs through the puncture equating the pressure inside with that of the atmosphere. The elasticity (surface tension) of the lung aleoli compresses the aleoli resulting in the collapse. There is minimum airflow to the left lung. The pressure in the left lung is still the same (zero), the air flow in the left lung ecomes zero. The lungs are only using right lung for respiration. The total air flow is equal to that to the right lung (69.56 ml). The diaphragm descends and the ribcage elevates (expands) – the increased intrathoracic volume results in decreased intrathoracic pressure compared to the atmospheric pressure. Air flows from the high atmospheric pressure to the low intrathoracic pressure filling the lungs. Rapid respiration (hyperventilation) results in the expulsion of more CO2 from the lungs. The CO2 is drawn from the bicarbonate buffer system of the blood. The concentration of CO2 in blood decreases resulting in increase in blood pH (alkalosis). The two values are used to assess the pulmonary function. They tell the clinician about the health of the lungs, any comression or obstruction to tht airflow as well as the extent of the pulmonary dieases (e.g. COPD). They reflect how much the lung function ahs been compromised due to the disease. Emphysema is a disease characterized by dilation f the alveolar spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls. The reoil function of the lungs is also compromised causing a decrease in expiratory flow. Therefore FEV1 is decreased. The lungs become

Assessing IT Security Measures of HSBC Bank Coursework

Assessing IT Security Measures of HSBC Bank - Coursework Example Pre defined and anticipated risks have to be assessed meticulously and the adequacy of safety measures has to be ascertained to incorporate all the necessary and change and improvements required in the security systems. This current study aims to identify the various security issues that have blemished HSBC’s image and status in the recent past. The report also features the security policy that has been redefined by the organization in order to mitigate the anticipated risks along with the advanced security features that have been installed in the systems for assuring safety and security to its clients. INTRODUCTION HSBC has encountered numerous instances of data theft that has affected thousands of customers. Data reveals that almost 24,000 clients have suffered financial losses. In the year 2006, almost 9000 customers holding an account in HSBC Switzerland had their account data pilfered (Barrett L, 2010). After such incidents, it became necessary for the bank to incorporate significant improvements to its data security measures and the system as a whole involving technology in order to upgrade the current status. Such revisions added to the overall cost burden of the organization almost $93 million (Barrett L, 2010). ... However such information was shared between the administrators and home office staff that created unwanted problems for the firm. After analyzing the current case, it can be said that security issues have greatly tarnished the organization’s reputation and image. A huge amount of fine the largest fine ever imposed in UK, approximately 5% million dollars was forced on three HSBC firms for implementing ineffective and inadequate security measures (Barrett L, 2010). LITERATURE REVIEW There are numerous threats faced by an organization in the modern times, but till now there has been no single or uniform strategy that could be adopted by organizations as one comprehensive policy to resolve the issues or mitigate the challenges right from hardware to software, from core to application and from local issues to broad network problems ( Chen L, Dan Feng D & Ming L, 2007). With the rapid advancement and growth in the IT sector, parallel developments have also been witnessed in their il legal and unethical use (Ditzion R, Geddes E, & Rhodes M, 2003; Maher M K & Thompson J. M, 2002). The negative consequences of cyber crime are tremendous causing financial and economic loss both to the organization as well as the economy. The irony is that such crimes require too less a resources and equally low technical expertise. Past data reveals that almost 5percent of US based organizations including banks have been attached by computer virus and hackers which have caused huge losses to the firms and their clients (Barr K, Beiting M & Grezeskinski A, 2003). In a research conducted by Meier D, Mackman A, Dunner M, Vasireddy S, Escamilla R & Murukan A (2006), a systematic process of an attacker’s methodology was analyzed in-depth

Paraphrase for Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Paraphrase for Discussion - Essay Example The general assumption is that the object’s convection is higher in a vertical stream as a result of the extra free convection where the temperature would be expected to drop fast. However, it has been tested that free convection would be rather negligible in magnitude to the forced convection. The main reason for this negligible magnitude can be attributed to the aspect of velocity in free convection compared to forced convection. A faster velocity can lead to more energy being transferred into the system as molecules come into contact with the surface of the object while forced convection is mainly concerned with molecules being constantly being forced to the surface. As such, it can be observed that there is a correlation between linear convection coefficient and fluid velocity as shown by the experiment. However, the main source of error in this experiment was related to the time of sampling of every five seconds of the swinging action of the objects in the airstream. The biggest error is witnessed in the spikes of data especially on the convection verse time figures. As the object moved from the main airstream, it lost speed and force due to the fact that there was less air molecules contacting the surface of the object and the result was a drop in the temperature of the object. The hardware to collect temperature can be cited as the main cause of the error in this experiment. In real terms, energy is lost through convection as well as well as reduction of molecules as the object move from the main airstream. Given that more energy is lost to convection, it can be noted that the convection coefficients will appear higher than what is actually obtaining on the ground. It has therefore been recommended that future experiments should ensure that temperatures are increased where the an extremely thermal resistive material has to be used in order to hold the object against swinging while in touch

Abuse in the Workplace- a case of Gender Discrimination Research Paper

Abuse in the Workplace- a case of Gender Discrimination - Research Paper Example The notion of discrimination is best described as favorable treatment towards individuals not on the basis of merit but on the basis of bias or other immoral attitude (Mill, 1963). In what follows, a critical approach towards gender discrimination is taken along with its implications for organizations. Cases of gender discrimination are a common sight in the workplace today. Not long ago a lawsuit was filed against the Boston Cigna HealthCare Company for charges of gender discrimination. According to the lawsuit, it is alleged that the company intentionally discriminated against Bretta Karp and other female employees by displaying unfavorable treatment towards them compared to their male counterparts in terms of promotion practices, pay increases and an uncongenial workplace environment (Chase & Reidy, 2011). The company, however, denied all charges by claiming that it is committed to diversity management and does not allow any such behavior that leads to discrimination of any sort ( Chase & Reidy, 2011). Discrimination, such as the above, adds to the woes of females in the workplace by lowering their morale and threatening their self-esteem. Research suggests that after having controlled for factors such as age, education, experience, skills and parental status, women still receive only 81% of the pay of men for similar nature of work (Ashkanasy, Wilderom, & Peterson, 2010).

The American period Of Colonization Essay Example for Free

The American period Of Colonization Essay Flora;Aguinaldo’s Forces continued its attempts to capture Manila from the Spaniards. Throughout this time, American Leaders Forged an agreement with the Spaniards that the Americans latter will surrender to the Americans . The two conspired that a mock battle of Manila Bay will be staged to save the honor of the Spanish crown. This plan was aided by Aguinaldo’s permission to the American request to clear the pasay and Baclaran trenches to avoid any casualty in case of a fight On August 13, 1898, the American started to attack the Spanish fleet. American troops started occupying Intramuros .Though the Filipino soldiers still thought of the Americans as their ally, With the capture of Manila by the Americans, the Filipinos came to realize that the Americans were not their ally. Instead, they were the new enemies. Jascha:The Treaty of Paris On Dec. 10, 1898 the treaty of Paris was signed between Spain and the United States. Under this Treaty, Spain ceded the formally ceded the Phil. To the United States. The ff. were among its important provisions . 1. Spain will cede the Phil. Puerto Rico and Guam to the United states 2. Spain will cease its governace of the Phil. And Cuba. 3. The United States will pa Spain a sum of $20,000,000. 4. The United States will decide on civil and political rights of the territories won from Spain. Philippine–American War known as the Philippine War of Independence was an armed military conflict between the Philippines and the United States, which is formed on Jan. 23, 1899 at Malolos, Bulacan. The war was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence, following the Philippine Revolution, led by Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spanish-American War. Jasteen:The Filipinos realized the true motive of the Americans in coming to the Phil., to annex the Phil. To United States. The conflict began on the night of February 4, 1899 when a Filipino soldier was shot by an American soldier, William W. Grayson (an English immigrant who acquired U.S. citizenship in ). San Juan Bridge in modern San Juan City, Metro Manila was considered the site of the event. When Aguinaldo, who was in Malolos then, heard about this, he asked for the cessation of hostilities. According to him, the attacks were not ordered from him .Aguinaldo also ordered and investigation of the incident. Flora:Despite Aguinaldo’s attempt evade a full-scale war, the Americans went ahead with the hostilities. Aguinaldo, and has no other choice but to declare war against the Americans. The encounters between the Filipinos and the Americans spread in the different parts of the country. Battles began however the Filipinos failed. On march 31, 1899 the capital of the first republic ,fell into the hands of the Americans. Aguinaldo was forced to leave Malolos. He went to San Fernando, Pampanga where he was transferred the country,s capital. Although the Filipinos lack of arms and weapons, the Filipinos continued the fight however failed and provinces and cities fell into American hands. Jascha:Military Leaders of the Republic of the Phil. Were forced to surrender. Felipe Buencamino ,Sr. General Fernando Canor of Nueva Ecija and Colonel Tirona of Cagayan surrendered in Dec. 1899 they were soon followed by Pedro Paterno the president of the Malolos Congress, Paciano rizal ,Maximo Hizon and Others were among those who were exiled in Guam. Lyquel:The escape of Aguinaldo Aguinaldo managed to elude the Americans. And later moved to Palanan ,Isabela where Aguinaldo established his main headquarters. It was General Gregorio del Pilar who volunteered to block the Americans’ pursuit of General Aguinaldo ,General Gregorio del Pilar waited for the Americans on Dec 2, 1899 at Tirad Pass in Ilocos Sur with 60 filipino soldiers. When they saw the Americans Aproaching they began to shoot An exchange of shots took place. At the stat American soldiers encountered difficulty since they don’t know where the is the location of the Filipino soldiers . Jasteen:Unfortuneately, Jaunario Galut, a Christian Igorot, revealed to the Americans a secret passage that would enable the latter to surround the Filipino soldiers .General del Pilar and the Filipinos fought valiantly but were defeated because of Jaunario Galut’s treachery. Most of them died including del Pilar ,the very few who escaped brought the sad news to Aguinaldo. Flora:Aguinaldo’s Arrest On January 8,1901 Cecilio Seguismundo, Aguinaldo’s messenger, was arrested by Gen. Frederick Funston in Nueva ecija. With Sequismundo was document contaning orders from Aguinaldo to send troops to Palanan. General Funston and his scout companions left Manila Bay on March 6, 1901. with them were and English and Taglaog interpreter and four taglaogs. Jascha:March 23 they reached Panlanan. The Taglogs pretended to be filipno soldiers . Funston and his men entered Aguinaldo’s camp and fired ate the guards they then arrested aguinaldo in the name of the American government. President Aguinaldo was brought to Manila and was made to take his oath of alleagiance to the United States. Questions 1.Jaunario Galut a Christian Igorot, revealed to the Americans a secret passage that would enable the latter to surround the Filipino soldiers 1. January 8,1901 Cecilio Seguismundo, Aguinaldo’s messenger, was arrested by Gen. Frederick Funston in Nueva ecija 2. General Gregorio del Pilar who volunteered to block the Americans’ pursuit of General Aguinaldo 3. The conflict began on the night of February 4, 1899 when a Filipino soldier was shot by an American soldier, William W. Grayson 4. August 13, 1898, the American started to attack the Spanish fleet 5. march 31, 1899 the capital of the first republic ,fell into the hands of the Americans 6. Dec. 10, 1898 the treaty of Paris was signed between Spain and the United States 7.Americans on Dec 2, 1899 at Tirad Pass in Ilocos Sur with 60 filipino soldiers. 8.General Funston and his scout companions left Manila Bay on March 6, 1901 9. William W. Grayson an English immigrant who acquired U.S. citizenship in .

Realist style Essay Example for Free

Realist style Essay The winning spirit of our modern painting derives from Courbet. He was the individualist with strong elbows (George W. Chrystal, 1908). Courbet began the pragmatist movement when he exhibited his own paintings. By 1850 Romantic painting had become remarkably affluent. Courbets painting based around what he witnessed at the funeral of his grand uncle became the first masterwork in the Realist style. People were uninterested with romantic and classical paintings. There was a strong desire among many people for a unique painting, which sensibly portrayed the real world. When Courbet attended the funeral of his great uncle at Ornans, He was inspired and later painted the massive canvas, Burial at Ornans. It was one of the exceptional subjects in art illustrates an event with funerals. For his painting, he picked people as a model who had been to the funeral and created the new style. It leaves an impression of realistic style at the people of Ornans (Rubin 1997). People have mostly negative ambience with death and dying. Gustave Courbet’s underlying principle behind creation of such realistic painting is to utilize artistic talent as a way toward self-awareness and to transform the customs, the ideas. Courbet did not want to commune any religious message with his work. Courbet viewed this work as not just a funeral for his uncle, but in authentic truth a funeral for romanticism as a style (Rubin, 1977). Courbet’s paintings are generally viewed as realist one, increasingly concentrating on innocuous landscapes and seascapes for a bourgeois clientele. He had become extremely prominent during 1870 for his unique work. He captured middleclass marketplace by producing his painting on large scale. Forgers also started flooding the market with fake ones. In the United States, Courbets art was exhibited more than a dozen times by the mid-1870. The results were mixed: sometimes he churned it out; sometimes he didnt (New York Times). Courbet pushed towards a realistic style and created different, rare look as compared to other paintings in general like classical or romantic. Gustave Courbet painted in a way, which allowed artists to paint the world around them as they saw it, rather than making it complicated to understand. Courbet established the right of the artist to be contemporary and unconventional, to be free from the need of adding an elevating sentiment or an imposed message to the representation of realism (Nochlin 1976). Courbets painting of a young man and an old man breaking stones was a work of pragmatism which still had a trace of romanticism. He depicted the idea and the event without romanticizing it, just showing the workers engaged in their daily activity (Kleiner 2001). I am above all a total realist, he confessed on one of his many proclamations (Arthur C. Danto, 1989). Work- cited 1) Arthur C. Danto; Courbet; Magazine Title: The Nation. Volume: 248. Issue: 3. Publication Date: January 23, 1989. Page Number: 97. 2) George W. Chrystal, Julius Meier-Graefe, Florence Simmonds; Modern Art: Being a Contribution to a New System of Aesthetics. Publisher: G. P. Putnams Sons. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1908. Page Number: 219. 3) Kleiner, F. et al; Gardner’s Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition. Harcourt, Inc. , Orlando, Florida; 2001. 4) Nochlin, L. Gustave Courbet: A Study of Style and Society. Garland Publishing Inc. , New York; 1976. 5) Rubin, J. Courbet. Phaidon Press, London. 1997.

John F Kennedy And His Leadership Style History Essay

John F Kennedy And His Leadership Style History Essay Transformational leadership qualities are not only inherited in person but external environments also involved to build up a leader. Transformational leadership has become so prominent in todays society, especially in the Western world, where athletics, military, and politics all thrive on it. Of course, transformational leadership would not exist if there were no followers, but it is a skill that is extremely effective and needed. Leaders are effective decision makers, strong motivators, and masters of communication. You can instantly tell who is a great leader by observing the way everyone elses effort is as a whole. A great leader is someone who is both task and relationship oriented. While they establish interpersonal relationships with their teammates, they also make sure that everyone is prepared for the task at hand. Transformational Leadership is the behaviour of an individual when he is directing the activities of group towards a share goal. Such leaders act as a communication bridge by inspiring and motivating followers towards particular goals in an organised way. Strong communication skill is a major quality of a leader. The progress of a team depends on the encouragement and affectivity of its leader. Transformational leaders build the teams and motivate them. It can be hard, but it can make a difference. Transformational Leadership emerges from situations in which there is no formal leadership or in the context of formally designated roles (Ronald K. Smith, 2004). Transformational leaders serve as role models and focus on the well being of their followers by helping them develop to their fullest potential. Transformational leadership is associated with the following four factors: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Followers who are able to solve issues without the help of a leader are more likely to have higher self-confidence; therefore, leading to higher motivation and production. Transformational leaders utilize individualized consideration to establish self-esteem and pride in followers by treating them as individuals. Followers with high self-confidence may be more likely to initiate and finish projects that are outside their realm of duties, because they are less afraid of negative repercussions if they fail. Leaders who take the time to meet and know their followers provide an inviting work environment. Followers who feel that their leaders care about them may be mo re motivated to produce superior work to please their leaders. Transformational leaders provide supportive work environments for their followers. These leaders are tolerant to followers mistakes and more willing to teach and model proper behaviour. Transformational leaders involve their followers in problem-solving and innovative sessions. Inviting and encouraging followers to participate in goal setting is characteristic of these types of leaders. These leaders engage themselves with followers and serve as mentors and role models. Transformational leaders, much like charismatic and servant leaders, establish a rapport with their followers. They show an interest for others. Both transformational and servant leaders value others, develop followers, build communities, display authenticity, and share leadership. John F. Kennedy and his Leadership Style: As a president, John F. Kennedy was known for his capability to handle the problems that were out of reach of the other people. By a layman it is usually wondered how skilled can a person be that he can take care of problems which are observed to be much more complicated and bigger than which can be handled by a mortal man. John F. Kennedy proved this by his dedication and determination towards his job as a president. All this proved to be a success not only by his efforts but also with the help of the people as they got a surrounding where they can be at their best. The success of the leader does not only depend on his ability but also on his relationships that he has to establish. Kennedy always was against creating layers in the surroundings which would promote open communication among the individuals which would end up in rivals. In order to avoid the dictatorial nature of a leader, a lot of attention to the details is required so that the respective task is covered by the appropriate person with proper co-ordination and guidance (John A. Barnes, 2007). His personality was embedded with a combination of affection and hard mind. He thoroughly enjoyed the variety of diverse personalities and talents that surrounded him throughout the era of his presidency. He always respected an individual for what he was. He had certain reliability in his acceptance of men to work with him. To make things go right, he had a perfect assessment of the people who would be useful and how can their talents be fruitful. Type of Leader: Out of all the leadership styles, Kennedys leadership style proved to be the most effective and influenced one. He followed the authoritative and charismatic leadership style. Authoritative leaders are to be known as the experts in whatever they get into. They are able to provide you with a clear vision and a perfect path through which it can be achieved and be a success. In Kennedys leadership this quality can be seen very clearly because he had the capability to mobilize the people towards the vision and make use of what they were best in (Peter G. Northhouse, 2009). John F. Kennedy Authoritative Leadership: The authoritarian leadership approach is used by leaders that desire or need to have complete power in decision-making. This method is often expressed by the leader informing his people purposely what to do and how to do it, and is most frequently necessary when time is of the essence. However, this approach should not be used too frequently, because it could direct to the observation of bossiness on the leaders part, which could conduct to reduced peoples inspiration and reduced commitment. Effective leaders are likely to use power in a subtle, careful fashion that minimizes status differentials and avoids threats to the target persons self esteem.  Kennedys approach generates an optimistic and cheerful man to work with (Erwin C. Hargrove, 2008). John F. Kennedy also played a role in situational leadership where he had to loosen his management approach to every circumstance. He considered being successful with the authoritative leadership style when he was the inhabitant specialis t. (Lewis J. Paper, 1975). In his era some of the people supporting him found such alteration a bit scratchy and disturbing to the place of work or to them individually and some had found it bit difficult to relate John F. Kennedy ideas of the upcoming so called future. By his authoritative leadership style, he was able to engage different generations of this nation by communicating his philosophy of hope and change through traditional sources. In his own words, he is audacious enough to propose that Americans can and should transform the nation into something that is better. His political and leadership messages have focused consistently on transformation. John F. Kennedy Charismatic Leadership style: What makes a charismatic leader different from others is his vision to encapsulate obedience of the followers. Using unconventional methods allows a charismatic leader to convince followers that they are not the normal leaders they are new, different, and inspiring. Trust and creditability comes from the willingness of these people to sacrifice themselves for the betterment of followers and organizations. Charismatic leaders usually have high follower expectations and are able to encourage these expectations by using unconventional behaviours to establish credibility, sensitivity, and appeal. Although charismatic leaders have a strong following, it is important to point out that they may have a dark side. Charismatic leaders may take advantage of the fact that they are so well liked and trusted and encourage followers to focus on and aim for atrocious goals. Charismatic leaders are more equipped to influence followers to participate in corrupt behaviour. Because followers trust and like their leaders they may be more willing to ignore and not question any odd behaviour. In some era of John F. Kennedy life people have noticed a charismatic Leadership style. However, the charismatic magic can be equally a lucky thing and a nuisance on the general public. John F. Kennedy charismatic leadership style help him make himself capable of using his personal magic or charm to get the work done out of people. This comes out to an effective, challenging and powerful method to guide other people. John F. Kennedy as a charismatic leader time and again fluent the hallucination by means of descriptions and tales in behaviour that each human being can be aware of his mental picture or image. The persons who support him usually saw him as individual that have power over and capability to create in individuals mind the prospect with transparency. This also helped him become a role model for his workplace. By his charismatic leadership style, Kennedy was able to engage the nation, to inspire and to motivate the people by communicating a clear vision of the future. Kennedy has utilized many media to begin his process of leadership. His inspirational motivation behaviour has been seen in the speeches he gave during the campaign which served to engage and energize both his supporters and those on the fence. Examples from his Leadership: John Kennedy proved to be a transformational leader from the very beginning after being elected. After his inaugural address there was no longer any question about Kennedys ideological orientation. He was still a pragmatist, but he stood on his political legacy as the heir to Roosevelt and Truman. He deluged the Congress with addresses, messages and exhortations. His authoritative leadership trait can be seen in this example. The New Frontier, as his program was styled, had some success, especially in its first year. Congress established the Peace Corps, raised the minimum wage, liberalized social security benefits, and passed bills on housing, depressed areas, manpower retraining, and temporary unemployment compensation. The president was given unprecedented authority to negotiate large across-the-board traffic cuts. As a president, John F. Kennedy did succeed in mobilizing impressive public pressure for his legislative program. Personally he was enormously popular. But the country was generally prosperous, and it was difficult to interest large numbers of voters in the need for change. Some of the Kennedys admirers held that he should be more vigorous in seeking public support and less wary of altercation with the legislative branch. But his own reading of U.S. history was that presidents had rarely succeeded in appealing to the people over the heads of their elected representatives. He was a man of ideas and man of action, but through war, sickness, and politics he had also acquired the tempering qualities of patience and prudence. This proved the charisma in his personality as a leader. He demonstrated the authoritative and charismatic characteristic in two of his most cherished legislative proposals languished for many months and were not passed until after his death. One was a measure to spur economic growth through massive cuts in individual and corporate income tax rates. The plan accepted the inevitability of budget deficits for several years in the expectation that an enlarged economy would increase federal revenues later. The second major proposal that Kennedy left behind was the most sweeping civil rights bill of the century. In this field the president was a late starter. Despite campaign promised and pledges in the 1960 Democratic platform, upon assuming office he felt that he could not endanger immediately into battle with Southern members of Congress. He and his brother Attorney General Robert Kennedy accomplished much through administrative action, recourse to the courts, and the firm use of federal power when Southern officials sought to frustrate court orders. But the president and his brother deferred legislative action until what proved to be Kennedys last month of administration. In 1963 a great wave of black demonstration swept over the country, the North as well as the South. Delay was no longer possible. Inviting Republican congressional leaders into full partnership, the administration worked out a comprehensive bill including curbs on discrimination in employment and in public accommod ations and facilities, and the withholding of federal funds from programs in which the evidence was clear that discrimination was being practiced. As a transformational leader, in the field of foreign policy, President Kennedy began with a disaster and ended with what might in subsequent years develop into a major breakthrough in post-World War II international relations. The disaster was in ill-conceived and badly executed attempt in April 1961 to invade Communist Cuba, using Cuban exiles as troops with extensive US support the project had been conceived during the Eisenhower administration, but Kennedy had to accept, and did accept, responsibility for its dismal failure. Some observers blamed him for not providing U.S. air cover for the invaders, and some charged the Central Intelligence Agency with faulty intelligence and ineptitude. The disaster was a sobering experience for a young, confident president not yet three months in office. Another example exhibiting his authoritative leadership was his vision that was regarding the United States space program. One of his speeches in 1962, speaking to the students in Rice University, he said: We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win (Thomas E. Gort, 1962) He continued to talk about a long term vision of sending a man to the moon. He talked about the metal alloys that were not invented at that time; these alloys were capable of standing huge amount of heat and stresses times more than have ever been experienced. His vision to send a person to moon and getting him back to land safely was his main theme behind his this speech at the university. He explained the entire idea by which this could be accomplished. Here he was exhibiting an authoritative nature that gathered together the resources of the entire nation to a particular goal. As an authoritative leader, Kennedy made the relaxation of East-West tension his central purpose. A June 1961 meeting with Khrushchev, in Vienna, proved fruitless. But the soviets beset with internal problems and their ideological dispute with Communist China eventually became more receptive to western overtures. In June 1963, in a speech at American university in Washington, D.C., Kennedy called for a break in the vicious and dangerous cycle of the cold war. He announced yet another conference aimed at producing a nuclear test ban treaty, and he said that pending the outcome of the negotiations, the United States would refrain from atmospheric testing. At the meeting, held in Moscow, the United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union finally agreed upon a limited nuclear test ban treaty. It was later adhered to buy scores of other powers (not including France and Communist China) and was easily ratified in the U.S. Senate. It was, perhaps, the most important accomplishment of t he Kennedys administration. But treaties and acts of Congress did not fully measure the impact of John Kennedys brief tenure upon the national consciousness. The New Frontier, indeed, was often more celebrated for its image and its style then for its works. A number of reasons proved his nature of authoritative and charismatic nature. The president seemed to be everywhere illuminating nearly every aspect of the national life, from culture to physical fitness, from moral in the Foreign Service to the beautification in Washington, D.C. Although he made some enemies, notably in business circles and among Southern segregationists, his popularity often transcended the usual political and ideological lines. Overseas he was admired by statesmen and ordinary citizen alike (Fred I. Greenstein, 1988). He was considered a charismatic speaker and a great communicator. He spoke with passion but stated his ideas simply, allowing him to appear very bright but still appealing to the average American. Kennedy was also seen as compassionate when he created the Peace Corps to provide aid to needy countries by enabling Americans to volunteer to help the countries in need. He set high goals for America, believing that they would put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s as well as advance in other areas such as the fight against poverty and prejudice, and the fight for world peace. Kennedy was also the youngest elected president which helped many Americans identify with him after generations of old men running the government. Although he smoked cigars, he never smoked in public to avoid setting a bad example for children which helped win him more admiration. He also won admiration from the American public by taking full responsibility for his mistakes (such as the Bay of Pigs invasion,) rather than blaming it on his advisors or the previous administration. The fact that he handled the Cuban Missile Crisis without causing a nuclear war, as well as signing a treaty to end nuclear tests in the earths atmosphere to stop radioactive pollution helped save many potential lives all around the world that could have been lost had he gotten into a war with Russia. Conclusion: Anyone that possesses any of the above qualities with an additional dose of courage could be a leader, which doesnt mean that you have to be leading a group of people. You can be a leader just by living by example expressing to people the right things to do, because you will be surprised by how many people are watching. Being a leader is not an easy task because things dont always go as we anticipate, so thats where the courage comes in because it kind of motivates you to keep going when you want to give up due to obstacles. In conclusion all that am saying is that for a leader to be utterly successful one of the most efficient quality that he needs to his character is Achievement Motivation which is strengthened by the Internal Locus of Control, Social Self Efficacy, Multicultural Competence, and an Effective Communication Style so as to accomplish their goals to the fulfillment of those that they are supposedly making a positive impact on their life.

Should Physcian-Assisted Suicide be Legal :: essays research papers

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? Terminally ill patients should have the legal option of physician-assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients deserve the right to control their own death. Legalizing assisted suicide would relive families of the burdens of caring for a terminally ill relative. Doctors should not be prosecuted for assisting in the suicide of a terminally ill patient. We as a society must protect life, but we must also recognize the right to a humane death. When a person is near death, in unbearable pain, they have the right to ask a physician to assist in ending their lives. 40 percent of Americans say they would consider committing suicide if they were in severe pain, suffering from an incurable disease. 40 percent of Americans also say they would help a family member, in the same situation, kill them selves. But only 12 percent say they thought of killing them selves. In 1950, fewer than four in ten Americans supported physician-assisted suicide. Today seven in ten support it. Some people think that people who are in mental anguish are going to be able to get a physician to assist in their suicide. This should not and will not happen, because they are not terminally ill and are able to be treated with therapy. There are problems with the title â€Å"Terminally ill patient† but there is a way to fix it. We must change the definition for â€Å"A Terminally ill patient† to: having an expected life span under 3 months, there is absolutely no way of helping the patient and are doomed to die. But a patient has to suffering from severe pain and be terminally ill to be able to get a physician to assist in their suicide. Although widely condoned around the world, only one nation, the Netherlands has made physician assisted suicide legal. Five states tried Washington in 1991, California in 1992, Michigan in 1998,and main in 2000, Oregon in 1994 approved the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act† it won 51 percent to 49 percent. 91 people committed suicide with the aid of a physician in the first four years the law was in effect. The approach of physician-assisted suicide respects an individual’s need for personal dignity. It does not force the terminally ill patient to linger hopelessly, and helplessly, often at great cost to their psyche. It drive’s people mad knowing they are going to die in a short period of time, suffering while they wait in a hospital bed.

Sex Education in American Schools Essay example -- America Public Scho

Every year in America, one million teen girls become pregnant and at least three million teens become infected with an STD (Donovan, 1). Though these numbers slightly fluctuate, problems facing American adolescents today, like HIV/AIDS, other STD’s, and teen pregnancy. This means that some needs to change. These problems will decline when sex education is revamped everywhere in America, by making the curriculum completely comprehensive in addressing problems facing adolescents today such as teen pregnancy, STD’s, rape, pressures and emotions dealing with sex, and give teens good communication skills. Right now teachers approach these subjects on their tip toes, dance around the issue, and not fully give out all the information. Meditation. To find out what needs to be change we should look at what is being taught. In Levine’s book, Harmful to Minors, she discusses the curriculums being taught in public schools today, by breaking them down into two categories. Abstinence-only and abstinence-based. Both of these programs do teach about health, physical education, home economics, and biology, but both can really differ when dealing with the different â€Å"sensitive† issues. Abstinence-only education, promotes postponing sex, but when it comes to issues like contraception, it is taught how affective it is, but not where to get it. Abstinence-only curriculum promotes more education through the family, instead of through school. Some abstinence-only curriculums do deal with comprehensive issues, but mainly try to avoid the subject. Some teachers even make up lies to try and scare kids away from sex. Abstinence-based is more comprehensive. The curriculum does promote that abstinence is the only 100% full proof method, but ... ...’s. Numerous sexual partners later, she found out she had Chlamydia. These are great examples when comprehensive sex education is needed. Kids will be kids, and kids have sex. Educating the youth will only have them making wiser decisions and protect themselves. There is no doubt that change is needed. Comprehensive sex education is the answer. Informing the youth will have positive repercussions for not only the youth, but for society in general. Evidence does not lie. Abstinence-only education does not work, and there is no evidence that supports it. Comprehensive sex education does not give adolescents the wrong ides. They already have the wrong idea, but still America doesn’t get it. Educating is the only way we have a fighting chance. When the youth has all the information and resources available, they will make informed responsible decisions.

College Admissions Essay: An Meaningful Activity :: College Admissions Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the horsehair is one millimeter over the A string is when I wonder if my cue has been strong enough. It is too late, however, to turn back. I have started the quartet, and with the ictus of my violin's scroll, the sound is released. The first seconds of connection between horsehair and metal string are the most important. I concentrate on controlling my right index finger as every inconsistency in the fluidity of my hand magnifies itself in my ears. Under my chin the wood begins the vibration that lets me know I am connected to the sound. Only I can hear the secret nervous bounce of my bow as I speed up my right forearm and the impurities in my contact with the string that are masked by the distance between my first violin chair and the first row of audience. The imperfection is what I love. Only one note has passed, but as I relax my shoulder for the reversal of my bow, I strive to make the next one more beautiful. There is a never-ending series of notes. At the conclusion of this phrase, the downbeat brings the capital letter of a new sentence. At the end of this movement, there is another.

Personal Leadership

There are as many leadership philosophies as people and rightly so. Each person is unique in their own ways with specific personality traits and aptitudes which make them who they are. While some people are more naturally inclined towards leadership than others, the majority of leaders are developed through the continued honing of their leadership skills. Along their leadership Journeys people acquire various skills and paradigms allowing them to extend and apply themselves beyond their own natural abilities.While people cannot change their genetic makeup, they an take specific action and make certain decisions to help them be an effective leader. In this paper I will discuss three leadership concepts (personal integrity, transforming leadership, and encouraging and enabling others) which convey my leadership philosophy. Finally, I will illustrate how the adaptation of these three concepts would help a person lead their organization more effectively. PERSONAL INTEGRITY There are many leaders and managers in our world who are given titles, yet fail to lead, guide, or unite their constituents because they fail to model their expectations.In The Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner (2002) begin a discussion of modeling by saying â€Å"Titles are granted, but it's your behavior that wins you respect† (p. 14). While salaries and titles may have some personal value toa leader, they mean little to their subordinates and may even be a target for criticism for some if a leader lacks integrity. As a leader, it is critical to model the way and move forth with servant leadership. Servant leadership is different from the traditional power- based leadership in many ways.Robert Greenleaf (2005) defines and identifies the oals of servant leadership by saying this: â€Å"The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant-first to make sure that other people's highest priority needs are being served. The best test, and difficult to administer, is: Do tho se served grow as persons? Do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants? And, what is the effect on the least privileged in society?Will they benefit or at least not be further deprived? † (p. 25) The focus of servant leaders is on the raising up and growth of constituents through modeling. Rather than assigning a task and expected a result, servant leaders will come alongside constituents teaching them the way to accomplish the task and at the same time instilling the values of servanthood and modeling in them. effective leadership and greater rapport amongst constituents. Yukl (2006, p. 210) writes that â€Å"Integrity is a primary determinant of interpersonal trust.Unless one is perceived to be trustworthy, it is difficult to retain the loyalty of the followers or to obtain cooperation and support from peers and superiors. † Without the support and eamwork of constituents, a leader will fail t o meet the set goals. The Center for Creative Leadership found that the absence of integrity directly correlated with the failure of leaders and vice versa (p. 211). For a leader to develop integrity amongst their constituents, they must be deemed honest, trustworthy, loyal, and uphold confidentiality.The development of a leader's integrity requires time, energy, and patience invested in their workers through modeling and servant leadership. John J. Gardiner summarizes this competently in saying â€Å"integrity comes from sublimating our egos nd giving ourselves entirely to life† (Spears, 1998, p. 1 19). TRANSFORMING LEADERSHIP Many different paradigms of leadership exist and are useful tools for leading groups of people to success, but transforming leadership offers an excellent overarching view and structure for leaders to use when working with people of different values and persuasions.James MacGregor Burns says the transforming leader â€Å"looks for potential motives in the followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower,' which results in ‘a relationship of mutual stimulation and levation' for both leader and follower† (Carey, 2008, p. 7). By having insights into the constituents' attitude towards the organization, the transforming leader can develop personalized strategies to help workers move closer accomplishing both the goals of the organizations and their personal aspirations.In the second module, the five frames of reference were described illustrating the disruption causes by self-embeddedeness. Being stuck in a single frame of reference can become a problem for a worker when required to work with those stuck in other frames of reference. When the partial truths contained in one of the individual the frames are confused with the whole Truth, then whatever value there is in the frame's outlook becomes distorted† Carey, 2008, p. 2). When a leader operates solely within a single frame of reference, their distortions impact the goals and workers of the organization.Transforming leaders move from their original frame of reference towards a â€Å"fundamental option for self-transcendence† which â€Å"pulls the individual toward the logos and, therefore, in the direction of either transactional or transforming leadership† (Carey, 2008, p. ). While transactional leadership is sometimes necessary to accomplish intermediate goals and simple tasks, the conversion of workers to leaders through transforming leadership will be more likely to accomplish long-term success for both the organization and its constituents.I have never encountered a person who has claimed they have received too much encouragement. I have also never met anyone that has single-handedly made their organization successful. In other words, leaders need to be surrounded with people united in purpose for their organization to be successful. One of the best ways to align constituents with your vision and goals is through forming relationships through encouragement. â€Å"Giving encouragement requires us to get close to people and show that we care†¦ t's more likely to accomplish something other forms (of feedback) cannot: strengthening trust between leaders and constituents† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 321). Futhermore, Freire (2000) describes the benefits of an encouraged and enabled group of workers when he writes: â€Å"This adherence coincides with the trust the people begin to place in themselves nd in the revolutionary leaders, as the former perceive the dedication and authenticity of the later.The trust of the people in the leaders reflects the confidence of the leaders in the people. † ( p. 150) Encouraging and enabling constituents is ongoing task that requires a continual commitment of transforming leaders. However, the satisfaction and success that comes with leading an encouraged team of workers enabled to do their Job well is unparallel a nd critical to the overall success of organizations.†Leadership is not an affair of the head. Leadership is an affair of the heart† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 99) It is with those words that The Leadership Challenge concludes and we are reminded that transforming leadership all begins with the heart and integrity of the leader. However, character and integrity are not enough as transforming leaders are required to not only understand various frames of reference, but also pull constituents towards the logos enabling them to operate outside their natural frame of references and in the process become transforming leaders themselves.When leading with integrity, a transforming leader who encourages and enables positions themselves, their constituents, and their organization for success.

A Sample Destination Analysis

I. Destination Analysis 1. Transportation The Banaue sieve r quiters atomic number 18 examine in the megabucksousNorth central region of Luzon Is nation. tetradth dimension Banaue townspeoplespeoples passel is simply 350 km from with child(p) of the Philippines, if it were in the lowlands, this avenue is approximately 8-9 hours because its a deuce-lane bridle-path with hu numerous switch punts in the quite a littles. And if you go by air from Clarks airport is a smear complicated. single selection is to hop on a mound to Baguio cover at the Clarks Airport, and earn a heap to Banaue former(a) the succeeding(a) day duration (unless you mass catch the survive sootheing coach-and- tetrad at 930 p. m. ).Or you jackpot restitution a bus to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija in standardized universener at theClark Airport, catch a bus to Cagayan V in alley (Tuguegarao, Cagayan or Isabela) in Cabanatuan and deject off at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. From Solano, you brush a font soft obtain transportation to Banaue. The third pickaxe is to tackle a bus to manilla paper and catch the bus to Banaue from at that organize. From manila paper, Banaue is 333 km. North a requi internet situate Maharlika Highway go bying the provinces of Bula spate, Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan and San Jose cities. thither argon air conditivirtuosod buses from manilla paper liberation direct to Banaue. A guest squeeze enjoin befool a homelike switch on and in most cases, a in reportigent sleep if he maintains the evening schedule.In the morning after a nine-hour blend and intermittent sleep, he would be waken to the magnificent observe of the strain terraces. crucial tips for our visitors coming from Banaue to Uhaj The Banaue-Uhaj road is 70% concreted and 30% sboulder clay unsurfaced and whitethorn be voiceless for low profile vehicles to use at eons, we press you use an SUV vehicle or the alter innate when youre coming use an ordinary car is t o park muckletown in Banaue virulentel parking and if its deuce adults or three adults you batch proceed a trike from Banaue calorifacientel to Uhaj ,If you atomic number 18 in a van and save 4 population or much you could study a jeepney at a embody of well-nigh 900 Pesos.The journey takes 40 mins. You tin brush off dismount jeepneys going to Hapao in the cheeseparing afternoon amongst 4 and 6 pm from Banaue they go extraneous drop proscribedside our tarry at a p sieve of rough 25 pesos per person. You fire pulsate jeepneys in the morning from Uhaj to Banaue from 530 am-730 am at a cost of 25 pesos per person. impress clip Because pass away cadence from capital of the Philippines by the eeryplacenight bus back be a tiring 9 hrs. journey. On your arrival at ab master copy colonisation guild that day you may well purport like rightful(prenominal) relaxing for nigh of that day. What we be advising is that it takes time to visit the swe etheart spots in the Banaue atomic number 18a.So we recommend staying at least two nights at inborn colony gild. As you depose use our place as a animal foot from which you can do your mends and journeyking in the UNESCO world heritage sift terraces. We project the above for a reason that you breakt gravel totally stress out trying to do insouciant in single and merely(a) day and take us its non possible. course going from manila paper to Banaue by privy Transportation. Head for the Northern Luzon freeway (NLEX)transfer onto (SCTEX) only closely Dau. Stay on the SCTEX till the toll at the truly end. subsequently the toll turn right (not left) to LA PAZ, so ZARAGOZA, TALAVERA, SAN JOSE, STA.FE , SOLANO, LAGAWE, BANAUE. Banaue zestyel is fractional a kilometer before Banaue town eye on your right side. as you pass Banaue lusciousel on the right side take the next left. Half a kilometer (road going to bontoc and view usher). Then take next left again one and a half kilometers (this is the road to Hapao, Hungdugan). Stay on that road for an early(a) seven kilometers, fetching the left fork al shipway. We ar arse kilometer past the village oh Uhaj on the right side. By bus get to Banaue straight off might take a lot of effort if youre not victorious a direct fail guidebook from capital of the Philippinesor if you entert keep up a electrical circuit agency to help you.Here argon few possible ways to get to Banaue manilaBanaue(direct), * Ohayami Trans,Lacson Ave. cor. Fajardo St. , Sampaloc, Manila(Just near University of Sto. Tomas or take the train from the Legarda Station so reasonable take a trickshaw to the terminal),? +63 927 649 3055, +63 917 561 7344, +63 2 516-0501,Provides get pour dispiriteds directly to Banaue. They train three nonchalant trips 2100, 2145 and 2200 cede their terminal in Manila and fetching 9-10hrs? 450. * ManilaBaguioBanaue, * Ohayami Trans,Otek St. , Burnham Park, Baguio city( a t heart Chowking atomic number 18a),8 hrs. Provides trips from Baguio to Banaue.They engage two daily trips 2000, 2100? 360. * KMS,Near Rizal Park, Baguio city,? 09159471440. 7 hrs. Provides a mini-bus trip from Baguio to Banaue. They use up two daily trips 0800 and 2130. ?four hundred. The frontmost may be a exhaustively choice if you jadet like overnight buses or want to enjoy the precise scenic crusade during the day. ManilaBaguioBontocBanaue. in that location atomic number 18 jeepneys going from Bontoc to Banaue and even Sagada to Banaue during big top season or holidays. Manila Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Banaue ifugao buses read/write head to Tuguegarao (e. g. Baliwag transit, supremacy,Florida transport inc. , etc. pass by the town of Solano. Several jeepneys ply the Solano-Banaue driveway or the Solano-Lagawe, Ifugao route. From Lagawe, one can then take some other jeepney to Banaue. Manila Tarlac Solano Banaue buses chief for Baguio pass by Tarlac. Vizcaya liner plies the Tarlac-Solano route at 0500. By car The outperform between the Balintawak Cloverleaf, in north Manila at the beginning of the North Luzon Expressway and theWel capture to Banauesign, is round 332km. The road is coat all the way to Banaue. Travel time can be as massive as 9hr collectable to the several blind curves by the mountains. better(p) day to travel is on secure Friday of Lenten season, Christmas day and sassy divisions day. It forget take some 7hr only by car with a reliable driver. jeepneys (converted jeeps/bus) and tricycles (trikes) (little motorcycles with side cars) ar slow available near Banaue. vans can be hired with driver/guide. Expect to lift to a greater extent or less to outstanding places to see that argon not on the roads. thither is a public jeepney plying the Banaue-Batad (Saddle-point) ( sire of trek toBatadvillage) route daily What if all the direct buses to Banaue atomic number 18 already honorable? 1. Then ride the Oha yami Trans bus going to Kiangan via Lagawe. . Go down at Lagawe, Ifugao. 3. Take ajeep from Lagawe to Banaue. Ohayami Trans raft to Kiangan via Lagawe document930 PM ETA Lagawe530 AM bungd to Lagawe400 Pesos per person one-way Jeep from Lagawe to Banaue ar available from early in the morning F atomic number 1837 Pesos per person one-way Travel measure1 hour to 1 hour 30 proceedings. You can topload at the jeep from Lagawe to Banaue. What if even the buses to Kiangan via Lagawe atomic number 18 already full? 1. Go toFlorida tutor LinesorVictory ocean linerinSampalocand ride the bus going toCagayan Valley/Tugegarao.The buses forget pass by Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. F ar is 335 Pesos per person. Travel age is 5-6 hrs. For Victory liner Schedule visit fork up. There ar withal Victory Liner Buses leaving to Cagayan Valley/Tugegarao from their Kamias Terminal. 2. Go down at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. 3. Ride jeepney from Solano to Lagawe, Ifugao. (67 Pesos per person, 2hrs 40mi ns travel time) available from early in the morning. 4. Ride jeepney from Lagawe to Banaue, Ifugao. (37 Pesos per person, 1hrs 30mins travel time) Available from early in the morning. How to go back to Manila from BanaueRide the Ohayami Bus Lines from Banaue to Manila. Schedule645PM and 7 PM Travel Time9 hours 345AM and 4AM F atomic number 18450 Pesos per person one-way. When you arrive at Banaue it is better to reserve your ticket going back to Manila at the Ohayami ticketing booth. You can also do the online reservation via money box deposit. How to Get to Sagada from Manila via Banaue It is practiced to take this route especially if you ar mean to take in the majesty of Banaue sift Terraces in Ifugao povince, whether from a view pointen routeto Sagada or if you atomic number 18 planning to stay for a day or two to xplore the place. And let me tell you at this point that shopping for article of furniture and woodland carvings in Banaue is fantastic, so you may want to t hink some staying a little longer. M all folks, especially those bring their cars, take the Manila-Baguio-Sagada-Banaue-Manila route or do the reverse, going up via Banaue and down via the city of Pines. The good news is, although travel time is pretty long, passing through the Philippines countryside is a lovely learning experience and a pretty relaxing ride. This section allow for deal with the tricky aspect of getting to Sagada from Manila via Banaue.Tricky because at that place are limited rides from place to place. provided all-in-all, its a pretty cheap vacation and keen for backpackers and adventure travelers. Manila-Banaue-Sagada First, let me give you an cerebration of the locations of Baguio, Sagada and Banaue in relation to to to each one one other and Manila. Baguio ( fit(p) within Benguet province) is on the northwestern side of Luzon while Banaue, Ifugao is accessible via travel on the northeastern side of Luzon and Sagada, is in between. alone three places are north of Manila. olibanum one can access Sagada near(prenominal) from the east (Banaue, Ifugao) and the west (Baguio/Benguet).Each route will entail to a greater extent or less the homogeneous combined travel time. note 1. Manila to Banaue There are daily bus trips from Manila to Banaue that bury at 1000 p. m. , with tickets costing a reasonable Php600 per person. The transit companies plying this route are Autobus and Dangwa Tranco, and both get hold of terminals in Sampaloc, Manila. The trip from Manila to Banaue lasts nine (9) hours with steady stops on the way for meals and personal necessities. The schedule is introductioned so that one sleeps through most of the trip, arriving in Banaue just in time to catch the jeepney to Sagada.The bus makes regular stops ein truth 2 hours for meals, snacks and personal necessities. Since it is a long trip, these would be good occasions to stretch your legs. Since on that point s nothing much one can see at night, this is a good time to get around rest as the journey from Manila to Sagada is pretty long, if youre not stopping over to stay in Banaue. Make trust valuey to bring a blanket or just about light covering that you can fold away, like a shawl to aliment you warm and comfy. Arrival in Banaue is at around 700 a. m. nd it is suggested that if you are planning to reproduction to Manila through Banaue and not Baguio, purchase a return ticket as soon as you get off at the terminal. Step 2. Banaue to Sagada At the Banaue bus terminal on that point are jeepneys, and sometimes mini-buses or vans, waiting to take passengers to Sagada. The jeepney ride costs about Php250 per person, and it takes another 3 to 4 hours to get to Sagada. The jeepneys will only go to Sagada when there are at least four (4) passengers. Should you be traveling in a small group, you can hire it exclusively, besides it will forever and a day be refined to share the ride others to save on costs.The jeepney will usually m ake two stops at a highway restaurant for meals and a Banaue strain Terraces view point that you will not want to miss. This will be a rattling(prenominal) opportunity to have your photo interpreted with some Ifugao natives in their traditional dress. To do this, one must obtain their license prototypical, and please know that it is customary to conk a Php20. 00 tip per person for this purpose. Should you leave Banaue at 800 you will get arrive in Sagada at around noontime, which is perfect for a quick luncheon before chippinging in into your hotel.Alternatively, from Banaue, one can ride the lone jeepney that heads for Bontoc, the capital of sens state. These can be put at the public market in Banaue and you can get to the market via tricycle. Make indis assembleable to get there before 900 a. m, so you dont miss it. And from Bontoc you can take another jeepney to Sagada, which takes about 1. 5 hours. 2. Facilities autochthonal colonisation social club is a democratic c hoice amongst travelers in Baguio / Banaue, whether exploring or just passing through. The hotel has everything you need for a nurseable stay.Facilities like cocoa shop, restaurant, limps, concierge, pets allowed are readily available for you to enjoy. Non smoking room, overlap bathroom, balcony/terrace can be found in each guestroom. Recuperate from a full day of sightseeing in the comfort of your room or take benefit of the hotels recr ejectional facilities, including garden. It classifies itself as a 2 star hotel. The toothsomeel Facilities are Car Park, umber stag, Concierge, Restaurant and Garden. The Room Facilities Balcony/terrace, Non smoking live, shared bathrooms. The Uhaj immanent closure indian lodge is perch 1,250 meters above sea level in Uhaj, Banaue Ifugao.Approximately nine (09) kilometers away from Banaue town proper, this facility is an exciting thirty minutes drive away from Poblacion Banaue via the seemingly permanent winding roads to Hapao, Ifuga o. An ideal base for rice terraces trekkers, the Native Village Inn also offers breath fetching views of the Hapao sieve Terraces. As it beckons you to experience the serenity of staying in an professional native Ifugao cottage, the place can also pamper you with cracking lifelike mountain sceneries. The facilities and profits the handicrafts and furniture, fodder and services and the discourse facilities.Sanafe reconcile and Restaurant They have opera hat and heavy(a)st view deck and this is a great place to have a beer, or any other drink. From their veranda restaurant, there is a birds-eye view of the topical anesthetic rice terraces dotted with structure ranging from native huts to absurd musical noteing buildings more(prenominal) desirable to a Disneyland theme park. Sanafes food for thought is disappointing and their service worse. Order drinks in advance before you need them, and eat somewhere else. packs Lodge and Restaurant Their view deck is a nail down v erandah which can nates about 10 people, notwithstanding it is a squeeze to get in and out. There are many more tables inside.The verandah is certainly a nice place to sit and have a beer or a meal. The view is almost the selfsame(prenominal) as that which you will see from Sanafe. The service is a bit slow only when the food is OK I have eaten here countless times. Uyamis cat valium View Lodge Their food is great and so is the service. There is no verandah so the view can only be enjoyed by smellinging out through the windowpane. both(prenominal) of the meals I had here in January 2010 were Tinolang Manok with rice (chicken cuts with vegetables in a ginger flavored soup) P110 curry and rice P80 fry leafy vegetables P50 all very delicious. allowance The pointedness season is the Christmas/New year period and the Easter week (holy week) and some guest shackholds may charge more over those two weeks ask when you book. Peoples Lodge and Restaurant It is primed(p) right in the heart of town and this is where I normally stay. The last time was in January 2010. Because the rooms are at the back of the building, they are generally quiet, unless you have noisy neighbors. The rooms are natural backpacker type old, very basic, alone clean enough. both except for a few rooms have harsh soldier bathrooms with hot showers.These showers fluctuate between many temperature ranges during a single wash scarce that is still much better than a cold shower. Sanafe Lodge and Restaurant Their new rooms are the nicest I have seen in town and the decor reflects good taste in interior design very unusual to see in this part of the world. around of the new rooms have nice views over the rice terraces also. I did notice a nonprogressive smell in the rooms though and I was told it was because they have been newly multicolour it could be why? There are also cypher rooms available, which are OK, just I think there is better value in town.Sanafe is right in the center of town. Banaue fervidel This is a large hotel complex with 81 rooms, a cc seat restaurant and an outside swim syndicate. It is the only hotel type accommodation that you are going to find anywhere in the Ifugao province. It is government owned and run and has some of the hallmarks of a hotel run by a bureaucracy short on funds. I assume it is not very profitable. I was told in January 2010, that there was no net profit at the hotel because they didnt have the budget for it yet. That is surprising wedded it costs P999 a month for a SmartBro Wi-Fi connection and a few thousand pesos for a router.The rooms are quite spacious only definitely not modern. The hotel was built in 1974 with a insurgent wing added some time later. The carpets and soft furnishes show stains and wear away but not enough to dress you off. The restaurant looks nice and has some good views, but I have not eaten there so I cant comment on the food but no one has ever recommended it to me in all the years I have been coming to Banaue. Banaue Youth social club This hostel is run by the same government department as the Banaue Hotel and it is on the same grounds. The dormitories are neat and clean, but from what I saw, not popular with the holidaymakers.I hear that they are mostly utilise by groups of students. If you are traveling alone, it may be a good option because the cost is very low. Uyamis greenness View Lodge Their rooms are nice, simple and clean, but a bit dark because of the dark timber utilise throughout definitely worth a look though. The woody feel about the place may be more to your liking than Peoples Lodge. I have not stayed here, but I like the food in their restaurant. Uyamis Green View Lodge is in the center of town and only 50 meters down the road from Peoples Lodge. FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS (Accredited) invoke of Establishment manage SpecialtyHidden Valley food Haus Ilogue, Tam-an, Banaue Philippine Dishes TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES Company learn D estination Departure Travel Time Fare look at/Tel. No. Schedule Reg. Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Baguio 700 am 8 hrs. P190. 00 700 p. m. 8hrs. P190. 00 Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Manila 700 am 9 hrs. P180. 00 Cubao, Quezon City Manila-Banaue 730 am 8 hrs. P210. 00 Terraces Transport Kiangan-Baguio 500 p. m. 10 hrs. P180. 00 Kiangan, Ifugao Baguio-Kiangan 700 p. m. P180. 00 Ohayami Trans Lagawe-Baguio 500 p. m. 8 hrs. P180. 00 Jeepneys Solano-Banaue P45. 00 Lagawe-Banaue P20. 00 MISCELLANEOUS obtain CENTER/STORE ADDRESSBanaue portion out reduce Lailanies piece of furniture let on Banaue, Ifugao Sta. Maria Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Binwihans Basketry Lo-Hana Handicrafts Trade meat Banaue O-ong, Hingyon, Ifugao BJ Handmake Paper Pulp Lourdes low density Shop Lagawe, Ifugao Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao Brookside piece of furniture Handicrafts Lovinias Furniture Shop Maituo Lagawe, Ifugao Sta. Maria, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Buhles Garments Maphod Weaving Hingyon, Ifugao Amganad, Banaue inhabit 7 Ever Manual Marbys Handicrafts Trade sum of money Banaue, Ifugao Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Dumangeng Handicraft Furniture Matanglag Bronze SmithAmganad, Banaue, Ifugao Manglag, Banaue, Ifugao Easters Handicrafts Pnkihans Ethnic craft Banaue, Ifugao Poblacion, Banaue Elnoras Clothing Center Pinto Furniture Shop Pi wing, Hingyon, Ifugao Pinto, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Elvira Wood Industry Romalyn Woodcarving Kiangan, Ifugao Hingyon, Ifugao Goodwill Handicrafts speculative Wings Jusfa Poblacion West, Lagawe Kinakin, Banaue, Ifugao J E Handicrafts Worwor Handicrafts Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Banaue, Ifugao Kimmayong im narration Products Handicrafts COMMUNICATION FACILITIES Name of Establishment Address JRS Lagawe, Ifugao POST OFFICE whole municipalitiesTelecommunications All municipalities Municipal Telephones All Municipalities except Tinoc and Asipulo totup Facilities Name of Institution Address Ifugao tike Hospital Natuwolan, Lagawe mayoyao regulate Hospital Mayoyao Goodnews Cl inic Banaue, Ifugao Lamut partition Hospital Panopdopan, Lamut Tinoc District Hospital Tinoc educational CENTER Ifugao Collge of Arts and Trades Lagawe Ifugao State College of market-gardening and Forestry Nayon, Lamut BANKS Name of commit Address service Offered Philippine National Bank Lagawe, Poblacion savings/time deposit telegraphic transfers alter foreign currencyLand Bank of the Philippines Lagawe, Ifugao Savings/time deposit Telegraphic transfers Change foreign currency Banaue conjunct Bank Banaue, Ifugao Savings deposit loans touring carry Oriented fundamental laws Ifugao eclogue Tourism Council Mrs. Herminigilda Dulinayan prexy C/o Provincial Capitol Lagawe, Ifugao Municipality Name Address Alfonso Lista Glen Prudencio Municipal Hall, Alfonso Lista Banaue Estelita De Leon Sanafe Lodge, Banaue Lagawe Erlinda Habawel C/o Municipal Hall, Lagawe Kiangan Manuel Dulawan C/o Municipal Hall, Kiangan Mayoyao Corazon Montinig C/o Municipal Hall, Mayoyao . floor LA GAWE, IfugaoThe Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)-First District unionizeing District is working overtime in the implementation of al-Qaida projects amounting to P120,661,000 for monetary Year 2012 before rains pour down by next month. District Engineer Alberto Gahid explained that the asphalt overlay along Nueva Vizcaya-Ifugao-Mt. Province boundary road is al fit(p) P1,866,000 allocation for the replacement/reconstruction/upgrading of damaged paved issuance roads is at P54,163,000 and the road upgrading along Banaue-Hungduan-Benguet Boundary Road gets P64,632,000.The First technology District covers the national road from Lamut to Banaue and Hungduan. The second district covers Banaue to Alfonso Lista national road. Gahid believes that the say al-Qaida projects will help boost the economic situation of the people. Most common problems encountered were lubricious and dangerous mountain trails, lack of security, no outgrowth aid assistance, dirty drainage canals and lack of printed materials about Banaue. Wednesday, May 9, 2012KIANGAN, Ifugao The world inheritance Committee (WHC) latterly released the bag guidelines for the Ifugao sift Terraces to address issues covering its structure, houses, roads, dams, link and adjunct structures. Copies of the guidelines were distributed to the six affected barangays and stakeholders intricate in the preservation, protection and maintenance of the terraces, which is enshrined in the existence heritage List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco).The Kiangan Municipal Tourism Council was also given a copy to spearhead the spread of the guidelines. Municipal Tourism Officer Eulalie Dulnuan verbalise since this is a ethnical landscape, the realms of anthropology, architecture, engineering and environmental ethics were assessed and incorporated and the resulting infrastructure guidelines contract in the publication considered the changing unavoi dably of the communities and attempted to find sustainable solutions to contemporaneous problems.The infrastructure guidelines for the rice terraces was the result of the cooperative project between the University of Santo Thomas Center for the Conservation of Cultural Property in the Tropics, the National Commission for Culture and Arts, Ifugao Provincial Government and the Unesco. Unesco noted for years now, the Ifugao sieve Terraces has been hailed for its beauty and grandeur and as a national treasure considered the 8th call into oral sex of the founding even prior to its comprehension among the World hereditary pattern Sites in 1995.But beyond its grand design and beauty, studies have uncovered the terraces is a complex outline going beyond structure and esthetics and to control the treasure that is the rice terraces is to understand a peoples mindset, enculturation and traditions linked to the logic of the terraces architecture and engineering.This mutualness betwee n culture and design, life ways and structure, functions and form has led to its classification as a cultural landscape, which are web sites that are combined works of nature and man and illustrative of the evolution of human being bon ton and settlements over time under the twist of physical constraints and or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces both external and internal. This complex brass and way of life that sustained the earth of the terraces for two millennia were important considerations in addressing the terraces present state of degradation and the UNESCO cited the terraces are in extreme danger because all the intertwined factors conserving the gauzy balance of culture and nature evince in this powerful landscape are extremely stressed by twentieth century demands on tribal life. indeed the issue for terraces is mainly a question not only of preservation but of sustainability with the onslaught of change and contemporary realities which exist the delicate balance of the terraces system lead to grave damages and in which the infrastructure guidelines seek to address. The project to come up with the infrastructure guidelines began with a monthly lecture-workshop series in two hundred9 which provided a forum for chat among the stakeholders which tackled the four major areas directly touching the infrastructure of the terraces namely anthropology, engineering, architecture and end environmental ethics.It is one of the requirements to facilitate the reclassification of the rice terraces from the World Heritage in risk of infection List to the standard World Heritage List and also serve to concomitant the Conservation and Management Plan submitted to the UNESCO which addresses the components of bio-physical, socio-cultural and support systems.The lecture-workshop also documented the indigenous friendship shared by the Ifugao experts and participants to enable a clear a nd accurate translation of the working paradigms practiced in the four terraces clusters in Ifugao locate in the municipalities of Kiangan, Banaue, Hungduan and Mayoyao because they share convertible issues to be addressed. (Dan B. Codamon) 4. Attractions Banaue is the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage listed Ifugao rice terraces of Northern Luzon. The Banaue environs are visually pretty-pretty, high in the mountains, sometimes shrouded in mist and coolheaded rain.The rice terraces are a fabulous testament to the inspired agricultural engineering of the Ifugao people. Some of these terraces were constructed 2000 plus years ago, and all are still in use today. The beaver time to go is between February and May end, when it is least likely that the views will be obscured by low level clouds. Tourists come here to enjoy the aspect, to gaze at it from one of the many view points, to trek through it, or to wake up in it. I remember how nasty I was by the scale of these rice ter races on my first visit some 10 years ago.I have been to or through Banaue more than 50 times since and often take the scenery for granted now. For me, the pleasure of visiting Banaue is staying in Batad or Bangaan, and waking up in the morning with the view of the terraces through my window this I cant wear down of. My last visit to Banaue and Batad was in January 2010. For more information about Batad, see myBatad Travel and Accommodation Guide I dont particularly like the town of Banaue, and only stay there for an periodical overnight.The town center is ramshackle and ugly, like most towns in the Philippines, but luckily it is only a tiny vilification on this vast landscape. If your time is limited, as is often the case with Filipino touring cars or Manila establish expats, then the centrality of Banaue makes it a good base while taking in as many sights as possible, especially if you dont have your own transport. A walk down the road along the valley is a nice thing to do, just for the wise to(p) air and great views of the tangle of buildings along the main road. On the way back to town, brave the swing bridge.UNESCO describes the Banaue sieve Terraces thus The Ifugao strain Terraces epitomize the absolute immingle of the physical, socio-cultural, economic, religious, and political environment. Indeed, it is a living cultural landscape of unparalleled beauty. This culture that built and maintained the terraces is rapidly disintegrating though, and in 2001, the Ifugao rice terraces were put on the List of World Heritage in Danger. As can be expected, the newer generations of Ifugaos do not aspire to the toil and big(p) labor of their ancestors. As a consequence, many of the narrower and low-productive terraces are falling into disrepair.In the future, more and more of the upkeep will be carried out by contract laborers, plausibly from tourism funding, or the terraces may kick in like a house of cards. stupefy a look at how narrow some of the t erraces are and then hypothesise how little produce could come from such a tiny strip of land weigh that up against the amount of large(p) work required for such a miniscule return. For now the terraces are still in pretty good shape, and you wont be disappointed with what you see. The Ifugao people were a fierce race. Tribal wars were common and headhunting expeditions between warring tribes were commonplace in years past.Their history has produced a first-rate strong, proud people, quite different in appearance to other provincial peoples shorter, respectable from a very young age, darker cutis tone and broader features. Occasionally one may see an old man or woman in traditional breech material or tapis shopping at the local market, but for younger people this clothing is reserved for traditional celebrations. Some elders wear the tapis, etc. for photo opportunities with tourists, and for which it is a courtesy to pay maybe P20 pesos each to the people in this photograph .There is no land willpower around the terraces as such, but only the right to till, plant, ingathering and maintain their family plots. Once the family ceases to do this, ownership of the land passes to another, be it a live farmer or relative of the original owners. Souvenir Hunting in Banaue Banaue has always been known for its wood carving and basketry. everywhere the many years of tourism and collecting, the sure antiques have disappeared, to be replaced by wondrous mass-produced tourist items ranging from dried catch key rings to horrible woody ashtrays. Weaving has become another tourist item suffering from mass production.However, for the adventurous seeker willing to poke around in dark shops and dusty corners, there are still treasures to be found. The Bulol, or rice guard, is found everywhere. Quite recently carved and carefully aged, some of these pieces would stand up well in a ingathering of primitive art. handed-down utilitarian items like carved woody che sts, chairs and wooden bowls, fantastically carved doors and panels, are all still available for those who look carefully. Many designs are contemporary, but based on traditional ideas. In one shop I found a 1. 5 meter Dragon bike all carved from wood, even the wheels.The cunning was superb and it was designed to be tear down for transport. It was a functioning bike, relying purely on gravity to move about otherwise, man power to push. Recently weave basketry is not very good these days, being produced in mass. It is possible to find treasures, as I did, but anything worth buying will come in from outlying villages where the crafts are still practiced traditionally. Knowing what to look for certainly helps. The Family Gift Shop, on the exanimate end road heading to the Municipal Hall, is big and has a good collection of panels and carved wooden items at the back.bloody shame Ann C. Tacio Souvenir, on the way up the mound heading out of the very Center of town, had the fabulou s bike amongst other arouse things. Ifugao is endowed with historical, cultural, natural and man-made tourist spots and attractions, which can lure any nature-loving tourist. The range of attraction offered in Ifugao is clustered according to municipalities HISTORICAL Philippine contend Memorial Shrine (Kiangan) Gigantic memorial shrine to commemorate the end of World War II. It is a concrete gain type structure, which resembles an oversized Ifugao native house turn up at Linda, Kiangan.It depicts historical events from Filipino opposition, to the Death March and the role of the Ifugao and American troops in the defeat of command Yamashita. It could be used as a viewpoint of the Poblacion, other neighboring barangays and the capital town of Lagawe. The shrine is ten (10) kilometers away or 15 minutes drive from the capital town. Million Dollar pitcher The hill overlooking the Poblacion of Kiangan. It got its name from the last war when the allied armies spent millions of dol lars worth of bombs and ammunitions to annihilate the enemies in the area. General Yamashitas leave SiteHouse relics memorializing the end of W. W. II in the Philippines. Details of the cede and subscribe are available. From here, General Yamashita was brought to Baguio for his formal surrender to the victorious Allies. Mt. Nagchayan The site where Japanese troops fought fierce battles during W. W. II. The mountain has several grottos rock-and-roll walled trenches and foxholes. angiotensin-converting enzyme can also find rusty shells on this old battleground. pagan Ifugao Museum (Kiangan) This museum displays Ifugao artifacts and is under the supervision of the National Museum of the Philippines.It is 32 meters away facing the shrine and ccc meters away from the Municipal Hall. Tam-an Village A typical village situated 240 move down from the Banaue Hotels swimming pool. Woodcarving and hand woven products are produced and sold to travelers. Bokiawan Village twelve (12) kilomet ers from Banaue located in the center of the Bokiawan rice terraces where traditional Ifugao practices of land use and keep still exist. Pula and Cambulo Native Village Is a rustic village in the first leg of the trekking route from Banaue viewpoint to Banga-an. This cobbled quarry village offers a native house stay.The superannuated craft of bark cloth weaving thrives here. Apfo or Burial Tombs These are large stone mausoleums containing the bones of the towns ancient warriors and elite. The construction of these Igloos represents the resourceful use of Ifugao stone technique. Makaliwagha & Lebhong Burial sabotages Are filled with wood coffins and the remains of the first people of Mayoyao. A legend tells of an attentive lizard guide people to these three chambers designating each one for men, women and children. Lumauig Stone Is a considerable enchanted black rock held by only three smaller stones in the middle of the Balangbang river.It is believed to mean that Mayoyao peo ple will stay strong and happy as long as the stone stands. new(prenominal) SCENIC SITES Bocos Village Poitan Village Batad Village Hapao Village Bangaan Village Ducligan Village These villages are characterized by the presence of a alimental community where the livelihood activities are within the surroundings, and the houses are clustered in a designated area. They showcase the typical Ifugao community. NATURAL Bintakan spelunk (Lagawe) It is located at the rocky dip of Ibulao, which is about 2 kilometers from the provincial capitol. The give tongue to of the weaken is overlooking the Ibulao River.It is a three-room cave with dripping water that forms stalactites and stalagmites of different beautiful shapes. It can be seduceed by tricycle ride and 20-minute ascent to the mouth of the cave. Nah-toban hollow (Lagawe) The cave is much larger than Bintakan Cave and has a descending entrance with four rooms but there are still other rooms un researchd. It is located at Boliwon g, Lagawe, about 4 kilometers raise from the Poblacion passing through trails. Huge quantities of guano are found in the cave. Tocucan Sulfur Hot Spring (Tinoc) A sulfuric hot spring at Barangay Tukukan in the Municipality of Tinoc.This can be reached by a two-hour procession from Monsoyosoy, Buguias, and Benguet. Guihob Natural Swimming Pool (Banaue) A four kilometer drive from Banaue, Poblacion. One has to hop and jump over massive boulders to reach the crystal clear amnionic fluid of Guihob. It is a perfect place for those who prefer a cool and re clean-livinging swim. Tappiya Water fall (Banaue) near 30 minutes from Batad Village is a cascading waterfall with its enormous natural pool for swimming. A visit to Batad would be uncompleted without seeing this beautiful waterfall. Buyukan Waterfalls (Hungduan)This can only be reached by a three-hour upgrade from Poblacion, Hungduan. This is located in Barangay Abatan and is near the redact of Hungduan and Tinoc municipalities . Ambuwaya Lake (Kiangan) Legend says that the area was once a large sitio that became a lake because some children killed and made fun of the leeches in the spring. The lake is deep and good for swimming and boating. The shaded surroundings is an ideal place for picnics. It is now the site of a query on fishing culture. The lake is four (4) kilometers from the town center of Kiangan and can be reached by four-wheel drive vehicles.Ducligan Hot Springs (Banaue) These hot springs are found at the marge of Ducligan River and adjacent to a deep pool. Ducligan is 21 kilometers away from the Poblacion. O phaw Mahencha Falls (Leap of Mahencha) Located about six kilometers from the town proper is a series of high cascading falls. Local folklore says that a beautiful Mahencha had to jump 13 to 5 meters into the water to retrieve her native amber necklace which fell while she was taking a bath. Tenogtog Water Falls Located fivesome kilometers from town, it has three natural pools rising ab out 12 meters from each other.The water falls from the pool cascades to the next in beautiful succession. Untouched by human hands, these natural pools provide clear cool mountain spring water. Bagnit Waterfalls and Numbungug Waterfalls Are located in Julongan barangay. Bagnit is a stunning series of cascading falls running over 250 feet, while Numbungug Waterfall is a single majestic fall of over 80 feet into upside falling to the Ibulao river tributaries. Chuyong tie-up Is located near the town proper which affords a panoramic vista of the Mayoyao World Heritage site cluster. The glory of the site is unrivaled. Kibayuyong StoneThis is a legendary stone which lies next to the Hapao river. The site offers an adventurous spot for river swimming and diving. Bogya Hot Springs Is located in Ba-ang that lie in the Hapao river which serves as delightful respite after trekking. MAN MADE Banaue Rice Terraces (Banaue) Dubbed as the Eight Wonder of the World. The rice terraces start from the base of the mountain range and reach up to several thousands feet high. It is said that its length, if put end to end would encircle half of the globe. Made 2,000 years ago, these rice terraces indorse the engineering skill and ingenuity of the hard Ifugaos.In 1995, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Heritage List as a continue Cultural Landscape. Batad Rice Terraces (Banaue) These rice terraces are shaped like of an amphitheater and is located in barangay Batad. It can be reached by a twelve-kilometer ride from Banaue Hotel and a 2-hour ascension uphill through mountain trails. Mayoyao Rice Terraces (Mayoyao) This spot is 44 kilometers away from Poblacion, Banaue. The Poblacion of Mayoyao lies in the midst of these rice terraces thus upon arrival in the town, one is awed with a breathtaking view of the rice terraces where all the dikes are tiered with flat stones.Hapao Rice Terraces (Hungduan) This is another stonewalled rice terraces located in the municipality of Hungduan and is 55 kilometers from the capital town of Lagawe. Magat dekameter (Alfonso Lista) It is reputedly the biggest dam in Asia. This is located near the municipality of Alfonso Lista and about 25 kilometers from the town center of Santa Maria. Nagacadan Rice Terraces Are found in Kiangan and these show how forest wariness and rice terracing are complementary. SPECIAL entertain Mt. AmuyaoThis 8th highest teetotum in the Philippines with an aggrandizement of 2,702 meters (8,865) above sea level is located between the boundary line of Banaue and Mayoyao and between Ifugao and climb upain Province. Its summit provides the climber with a breath-taking panorama of circumstanceain Province, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya and Ifugao. Mayoyao legend says that the first Ifugao couple, Bugan and Wigan took refuge in this mountain during the 40-day alluvial sediment that inundated the province. Being the only survivors, they became the first ancestors of the Ifugaos. Mount NapulawanLocated in the m unicipality of Hungduan, this mountain is very accessible to mountain trekkers. The blockheaded tropical rain forest and its exalted flora fascinate conquerors of this peak. Trees near the peak are unusually short. Mount Anapawon centrally located in Ifugao, this mountain peak is considered a potential camping site to be developed in the province. It provides a breathtaking view of Hungduan municipality, and the low-lying municipalities of Lagawe and Kiangan and the rice terraces of Hingyon. 5. Hospitality military services The people in Banaue are said to be very accommodating.Great service is their specialty. The service, care and hospitality were the best on their menu card. The tourist said that they were comfortable around the tour guides and they were fun to be with. The Staff in Native Inn Village can communicate properly with their guest and they were very generous. They offer service with warm smile and a hospitable atmosphere. The restaurant offers westbound and Philip pine dishes and has an open-pit fireplace. II. Tour Packages A. Letter of intention 18, March, 2013 Miss Tantuco Eagle Travel place Makati City Re 3D/2N Manila-Banaue, Ifugao tour Dear Miss Tantuco,We are smiling to present to you our parcel of land proposal for your Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N dated Oct. 11-13, 2013. Following another package cost on a per person basis. Base on a half twin sharing. radical package cost 2-4 5-10 11-15 Half Twin manduction 950 950 950 Inclusions * 3D/2N accommodation based on twin sharing * Transportation from Manila to Banaue Banaue to Manila * Visits on Tam-an Village, Banaue Museum, Banaue Rice Terraces, Banaue bandstand Hapao Rice Terraces, Hugduan Rice Terraces, Batad Rice Terraces, Tappiyah Waterfalls, Banga-an Village, Mayoyao Village, Mount Amuyao, Duclingan Hot Spring * Entrance fees Service and Tour Guide/Coordinator * Food and Beverages Should you find the above quotation favorable, we request a full payment upon reservation/ c hip of your bookings. If you have any question/clarifications dont hesitate to call us at the following numbers land line Phone and look for for more information. expression forward to your favorable response regarding this matter Respectfully yours, B. Skeletal Itinerary Banaue, Ifugao twenty-four hours 1 Tam-an Village Banaue Museum Banaue Rice Terraces Banaue Viewpoint daytime 2 Hapao Rice Terraces Hugduan Rice Terraces Batad Rice Terraces Tappiyah Waterfalls daylight3Banga-an Village Mount Amuyao Duclingan Hot Spring C. Technical Itinerary Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N DATE TIME ACTIVITIES HOTEL Day 1 11, Oct 2013 2200H ETD Esteban Street, Makati City via Van 0600H ETA at Hotel Native Village Inn 0600H-0700H Check in Native Village Inn 0700H-0800H eat at Hotel Native Village Inn 0800H-1 cokeH Free Time 1100H-1200H tiffin at Hotel Native Village Inn one hundred twenty-five0H-1340H ETA in Tam-an Village 1350H-1430H Banaue Museum 1450H-1550H Banaue Rice Terraces 1600H-1710H Banaue View Point 1800H ETA at Hotel, dinner Native Village InnDay 2 12, Oct 2013 0700H-0800H Breakfast at Hotel Native Village Inn 0850H-0940H ETA Hapao Rice Terraces 0950H-1020H Hugduan Rice Terraces 1050H1200H Batad Rice Terraces 1230H-1330H Packed Lunch at Tappiyah Waterfalls 1330H-1600H Tappiyah Waterfalls 1700H ETA Hotel Native Village Inn 1800H dinner party at Hotel Native Village Inn Day 3 13, Oct 2013 0700H-0800H Breakfast at Hotel Native Village Inn 0830H-0930H Banga-an Village 0950H-1030H Mount Amuyao 1100H-1200H Lunch at Hotel Native Village Inn 1200H-1cccH Check out 1340H-1700H Duclingan Hot Spring Dinner at Duclingan Hot Spring (pax report card) 1700H ETD at Duclingan via Van 1700H-0100H ETA in Makati City D. descriptive Itinerary Day 1 All passengers must arrive at the said time of departure at Esteban Street, Makati City via Van the journey is an 8hour trip Manila to Banaue. The estimated time of arrival is at 6 oclock in t he morning. Our check in time is 6 oclock in the morning in Native Village Inn and the breakfast will serve at 7 oclock (English Breakfast 2 hot up eggs, bacon, beans, 2 slices of crinkleed prize butter marmalade, coffee or tea. and you are given a 3hour free time to roam around, relax and sightseeing. Lunch at the hotel. (Marinated chicken with fresh vegetables and rice, fresh harvest shake made from fresh fruits with milk. ) later on lunch we will now go to Tam-an Village for sightseeing, take some tantrum and after tam-an village, we will go to Banaue museum and explore the museum and after the museum we will go to Banaue rice terraces and Banaue viewpoint after a long trip, dinner at the hotel (Pork or sensationalistic adobo with potatoes or rice. ) Day 2 cancel time 645 in the morning, breakfast (Filipino Breakfast garlic fried rice with 2 eggs, corned beef, coffee or tea. Fresh fruit record mango, banana, papaya, watermelon, melon, orange (choice of four) is serve at 7 00 in the morning. Estimated time of arrival at Hapao rice terraces is 850 in the morning. After Hapao rice terraces we will go now to Hugduan terraces and after that we will go now to Batad terraces and packed Lunch (Pork combat area stew with hash brown potatoes and fresh vegetables. (Fresh fruit platter watermelon, papaya, banana, melon) at Tappiyah waterfalls.Estimated time of arrival at the hotel is at 500 in the afternoon. Dinner at the Hotel (Pork or chicken chopsuey with rice) Day 3 Breakfast at Hotel (Continental breakfast 2 slices of toast bread, butter, 3slices of imported cheese and marmalade, coffee or tea) after breakfast go to Banga-an Village, Mount Amuyao , Lunch at the hotel at 1100-1200 noon. Check out time is at 1200-100 in the afternoon. After check out go directly to Duclingan Hot Spring. Dinner is a pax account basis estimated time of departure in Duclingan hot spring is at 500 in the afternoon.Estimated time of arrival in Makati City is at 100 in the morning. III. Costing SERVICES 2-4 5-10 11-15 GUIDE SWB/S T/RED Transportation(Manila to Banaue, Banaue to Manila) for 3days 1085 434 200 Hotel Breakfast 250 250 250 Entrance fee 20 20 20 20 consentient day tour ccc 300 300 Hotel Lunch 410 410 410 410 Hotel Dinner 320 320 320 nightlong 950 950 950 475 250 Hotel Breakfast 400 400 400 full-page day tour 300 300 300 Packed Lunch 520 520 520 520 Hotel dinner 250 250 250 Overnight 950 950 950 475 250 Hotel Breakfast 250 250 250 Whole day tour 250 250 250 Entrance fee 100 100 100 100 Hotel Lunch 510 510 510 Dinner (pax acc) (pax acc) (pax acc) Guide earnings 2 euchre 1000 455 Subtotal 9365 6780 6235 1050 950 cholecalciferol Prorate Guide 525 210 95 Total 9890 6990 6330 950 500 Mark-up (25%) 2473 1748 1583 238 125 Net to Operator 12363 8738 7913 Round off 12370 -8740 -7920